Daoism (also spelled Taoism) is a major philosophical and religious tradition from China. It teaches that the universe is guided by a fundamental principle called the Dao (or Tao), which means "the Way." The Dao is the source and pattern behind everything in nature. Daoism encourages people to live in harmony with the Dao by following the natural flow of life, rather than forcing things or going against nature81416.
Some key ideas in Daoism include:
: The ultimate reality and source of all existence. The Dao cannot be fully described in words, but it can be observed in the patterns and rhythms of nature816.
: Acting in a way that is natural and unforced, "going with the flow" rather than struggling against circumstances914.
: Emphasizing authenticity and simplicity, letting things develop in their own way914.
: Understanding that opposites (like light and dark, strong and weak) are interconnected and necessary for harmony.
Daoism values simplicity, humility, gentleness, and seeing the world in a flexible, open-minded way8.
Daoism began to take shape around 500 BCE, during a period of social and political turmoil in China. It grew out of ancient Chinese folk beliefs, nature worship, and shamanism, but was shaped into a philosophy by thinkers like Laozi (Lao Tzu), who is traditionally considered its founder, and Zhuangzi8101216.
is credited with writing the Daodejing (Tao Te Ching), a foundational text of Daoism, though whether he actually existed is debated10.
further developed Daoist philosophy, often using stories and humor to illustrate its ideas16.
Over time, Daoism evolved into both a philosophy and a religion. By the 2nd century CE, organized religious Daoism appeared, with temples, rituals, and a priesthood. The first organized Daoist school was founded by Zhang Daoling in 142 CE, who claimed to have received a revelation from the god of the Dao1012.
Daoism has influenced Chinese culture for over two thousand years, shaping art, medicine, politics, and daily life1012.
: Follow the natural order rather than resisting it.
: Allow things to happen naturally, intervening only when necessary and in the least disruptive way.
: Avoid excess and arrogance.
: Recognize the importance of opposites and strive for harmony.
: Some Daoists seek longevity or even immortality through meditation, diet, and breathing exercises14.
Daoism remains significant in East Asia, especially in China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. It is one of the "Three Teachings" (alongside Confucianism and Buddhism) that have shaped East Asian worldviews1315. While fewer people today may formally identify as Daoist, Daoist ideas and practices-such as feng shui, tai chi, and traditional Chinese medicine-are still widely followed. Many people combine Daoist beliefs with other traditions, and Daoist temples and rituals are common, especially in Taiwan and Hong Kong111315.
Daoism also influences popular culture and daily life, and its core values-like harmony with nature and balance-continue to shape how people in the region think and behave1315. In summary, Daoism is still an important part of cultural heritage and spiritual life in the Far East.