Held in Nuremberg, Germany, from November 20, 1945, to October 1, 1946, by the Allies (US, UK, USSR, France).wikipedia
International Military Tribunal (IMT) prosecuted 22 top Nazi leaders and 6 organizations for unprecedented international crimes.museums.nuernberg+1
Aimed to document Nazi horrors, delegitimize German elite, and educate the public via evidence like films and documents.wikipedia
Four categories: crimes against peace (planning aggressive war), war crimes (violations of war laws), crimes against humanity (extermination, enslavement), and conspiracy.nurembergacademy+1
Rejected "superior orders" defense; established individual responsibility over state immunity.smallwarsjournal+1
First time aggression deemed "supreme international crime."time
Hermann Göring (Reichsmarschall): death, suicide before execution.museums.nuernberg
Joachim von Ribbentrop (Foreign Minister), Alfred Rosenberg (ideologue): hanged.museums.nuernberg
Albert Speer (armaments): 20 years; Karl Dönitz (navy): 10 years.aish+1
Acquittals: Franz von Papen, Hjalmar Schacht (3 total not guilty).museums.nuernberg
12 death sentences (10 hanged, 1 absentia, 1 suicide); 3 life, 4 prison terms.wikipedia+1
SS, Gestapo, Nazi leadership declared criminal organizations.wikipedia
Produced 132,855 transcript pages, influencing global law.wikipedia
Nuremberg Principles codified in 1950 UN report: basis for Geneva Conventions, ICC, ad hoc tribunals (Yugoslavia, Rwanda).cfr+1
Shaped human rights law, rejecting head-of-state immunity for core crimes.nurembergacademy
Informed medical ethics via Nuremberg Code on experiments.pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih
Guides ICC probes into Ukraine war crimes; Zelenskyy called for "new Nuremberg" against Russia.intpolicydigest+1
Putin twists legacy to label Ukraine "Nazis," highlighting denial tactics.forward+1
Applies to Gaza, other conflicts: debates on aggression, complicity amid fragile global justice.theconversation+1
2025 film "Nuremberg" revives awareness of atrocities denial in politics.nationalww2museum+1
Warns on war psychology: ordinary people enable evil under ideology.smallwarsjournal
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